The Mexican-American War
August 20, 1847 Churubusco, The Campaign on Mexico City
As the American forces, led by General Winfield Scott,
began the final offensive on Mexico City, the Mexican defenses collapsed at the
battles of Contreras and San Antonio.
Remnants of the Army of the Center fell back to the village of
Churubusco, just 5 miles from the capital.
The Mexicans
made their stand at the Franciscan convent of Santa María de Churubusco.
Although the convent offered no advantage of height over the surrounding
terrain it was positioned to protect a bridge over a small river that the U.S.
forces had to negotiate to take the position. In addition to the stone walls of
the convent, the defenses included a series of incomplete trenches the Mexicans
had begun digging prior to the attack.
Numbered
among the Mexican defenders was the Saint Patrick's Battalion, known as the San
Patricios. The unit was made up of
American deserters, mostly of Irish descent, who deserted in protest to their
treatment in the U.S. Army.
The
approaching U.S. forces merged with pursuing forces coming from Contreras to
assault the Mexican position which was now almost all that stood between them
and the capital.
United States Forces under command of Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott: (7,300 men)
Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott & Guard
1st Division
Gen. William J. Worth & Guard
1st Brigade - Garland’s Brigade
Lt. Col. Garland’s Staff
4th U.S. Infantry
2nd Arty. Regt. Infantry
3rd Arty. Regt. Infantry
2nd Brigade - Clarke’s Brigade
5th U.S. Infantry
6th U.S. Infantry
8th U.S. Infantry
Battery A, 2nd U.S. Arty/8# guns
2nd Division
Col. David E. Twiggs & Guard
1st Brigade - Smith's Brigade
3rd U.S. Infantry
1st Arty Regt. Infantry
U.S. Regt of Mtd. Rifles
2nd Brigade - Riley's Brigade
7th U.S. Infantry
2nd U.S. Infantry
4th Arty. Regt. Infantry
Battery K, 1st U.S. Arty/6# guns
3rd Bigade - Shield’s Brigade
Lt. Col. Shield’s Staff
2nd New York Volunteers
1st South Carolina Volunteers
U.S. Marine Detachment
Field Batt, 1st U.S. Arty/6# guns
3rd Division
Maj. Gen Gideon Pillow & Guard
1st Brigade - Pierce's Brigade
Lt. Col. Pierce's Staff
9th U.S. Infantry
12h U.S. Infantry
15th U.S. Infantry
2nd Brigade - Cadwalader’s Brigade
11th U.S. Infantry
14th U.S. Infantry
U.S. Voltiguers
Battery I, 1st U.S. Arty/6# guns
Mexican Army under command of Gen. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna: (3,904 men)
Gen. Santa Anna & Guard
Hussars of the Supreme Power
Light Mntd. Regt. of Veracruz
Tulancingo Cuirassier
Cavalry of the Army of the North Jauregui
Gen. Jauregui & Guard
2nd Cavalry
3rd Cavalry
7th Cavalry
8th Cavalry
Active Militia Cav of Guanajuato
A. M. Cav of San Luis Potosi
Light Brigade Perez
Gen. Perez Staff
1st Light Infantry
3rd Light Infantry
4th Light Infantry
11th Line Infantry
1st Division
1st Brigade
General Manuel Rincón & Guard
National Guard of Acapulco
National Guard of Lagos
2nd Brigade
Hidalgo National Guard Batt
Victoria National Guard Batt
Mexican Arty/4# guns
2nd Division Anaya
1st Brigade
Bravos National Guard Batt
Independencia Natil Guard Batt
2nd Brigade
Natnl Guard Batt of Tlapa
San Patrico Cmd & Guard
San Patrico Staff
San Patrico active Militia
San Patrico Arty/4# guns
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